Saturday 2 November 1918 – Near Disaster Behind Enemy Lines

In a day that came close to ending in disaster, Greg and Capt. Gordon were down to do a shoot – the last time in the war that Greg was down to do one.  But it was unsuccessful, presumably because of poor weather.  In a subsequent adventure behind enemy lines, a rifle shot from a German soldier at an occupied chateau nearly did for both of them.  Unsurprisingly, they found that strafing an occupied chateau is dangerous.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 2.11.18 
Time Out: 13.00 
Rounds Fired – Lewis: 400 
Rounds Fired – Vickers: 100 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s:  187 hrs 5 mins 
RE8: 2517 
Observer: Cpt. Gordon 
War Flying: 1 hrs 55 mins 
Height: 3500 
Course/Remarks:  Shoot 6” How (99). Unsucc.  Pet. tank shot.

Unsuccessful Shoot

We have no further details of the shoot, other than it was with 99 Siege Battery RGA, who were firing 6-inch howitzers, and that it was unsuccessful. (Greg had shot with 99 Siege Battery previously, on 22 August 1918 and 24 August 1918.) The intended target must have been something east of the River Scheldt/Escaut, as that was where the British front line was only yesterday.  Given what we know from the rest of the day’s event, it seems likely that it was the weather that washed out the shoot.

Petrol Tank Shot

The laconic, three last words of the log book entry cover are a very sparse indication of what Greg and Capt. Gordon got up to next.  It became something of a Gregory family story.  It’s worth bearing in mind that Capt. Gordon was not only Greg’s observer this day, but was also his senior officer.

Rob Parsons, Greg’s son-in-law and my stepfather, recalls Greg recounting the events of that murky afternoon like this:

Gordon had decided that flying conditions were still good enough to go and annoy the Hun, even if it was only a spot of defenestration.  So off they went, with a very reluctant pilot, in search of a little sport.  Just as Greg was hoping he could say the fuel state meant they must turn for home, out of the murk appeared the perfect target in the form of a German-occupied Chateau.  So he obediently descended to the level of the upper floor, through the windows of which Gordon emptied the drum of his Lewis gun.  Meanwhile, as Greg climbed away and turned for home, Gordon had changed the drum and ordered him to go back because he “hadn’t done downstairs!”

It was during this second pass that, not surprisingly, the Huns started to shoot back.  As he began to climb away, Greg recalled seeing a German on one knee, in classic toy soldier pose with rifle, shooting at him from the corner of the Chateau.  That’s when a shot punctured the fuel tank and he began to be drenched with fuel.  Fortunately, the aircraft didn’t catch fire.  Anyway, he instinctively opened the throttle as far as it would go and began to climb as hard as he could.  There the throttle stayed until he ran out of fuel.

Until then of course, he was being sprayed with fuel and he said he was close to getting frostbite.  The fact that he returned safely is proof that he gained enough height to cross the enemy lines without being potted at by otherwise unoccupied Huns in the trenches.  They made it back, and the aircraft was back in service the next day.

So, eight days before the war was over, it nearly ended very badly.

Sidelights

The log book and family recollection are all we have to go on for these events (oh that the Squadron Record Book were available!) Nonetheless, there are a few interesting sidelights that illuminate what went on.

Rounds Fired

First, note the number of rounds fired, as recorded in the log book.  100 rounds were fired from the Vickers gun, which was pilot-operated and forward facing.  And Capt. Gordon fired 400 rounds from the Scarff ring-mounted Lewis gun in the rear compartment.  Greg never recorded more rounds fired in from the Lewis gun a single patrol. This was certainly consistent with a major shoot up, at least in small arms terms.

The Petrol Tank

Secondly, consider the position of the petrol tank. The tank was an elliptical-sectioned cylinder running fore-and-aft, and mounted immediately behind the dashboard.  In this photo of the front cockpit of replica RE8 A3930 at the RAF Museum, London, the pale grey bottom of the tank is just visible below the bottom lip of the dashboard.  And the fuel filler cap is further forward on the top.

Front cockpit of replica RE8 A3930 at the RAF Museum, London.
Front cockpit of replica RE8 A3930 at the RAF Museum, London. The bottom of the grey fuel tank is visible below the dashboard. Fuel filler cap on top. Click for larger image.

The position of the tank can also be seen in the top left drawing from The Vintage Aviator Limited’s RE8 Gallery collection here.

So the tank was essentially above the pilot’s legs.  It was therefore no surprise that petrol from the punctured tank drenched Greg with fuel.  He was extraordinarily lucky that a fire didn’t break out.  He was also lucky that the bullet didn’t hit him.

An Extraordinarily Safe Job?

Thirdly, it may not be accidental that Capt. Gordon did not apparently write to his mother about the events of today.  One wonders whether he recalled that only yesterday he had written to her:

This is an extraordinary safe job & no one gets hurt at it.   So don’t you worry, dear old bird.

Given that he had himself been hit in the (wooden) leg on an earlier flight, and only one week ago today Greg’s propeller had been split by shrapnel, it is clear that a good deal of luck was involved in ‘not getting hurt’ – or worse.  Today’s events underlined that.  But no doubt Capt. Gordon was writing more to reassure his mother than to be candid.

A Mere Bagatelle

Where was the chateau that they shot up?  The log book doesn’t record it; Greg was no longer writing his diary; and of course we don’t have the SRB entry for the day.  However, with a bit of deduction and a liberal amount of conjecture, it may have been the deliciously named Château Bagatelle at Wattripont on the road running northeast from Tournai towards Renaix (Ronse).

The evidence is this.  Wattripont is a plausible distance from Ascq – 19 miles (30.5 km).  It’s about the same distance beyond the British front line as the line was from Ascq.  And it’s in a plausible location, in fact almost familiar territory.  Greg’s recent reconnaissance and counter-battery patrols had been reporting on locations north and northeast of Tournai.  Only two days ago on 31 October 1918, he had reported fires and explosions in DB zone.  Wattripont is in EB zone, 6,000 yards to the east, as can be seen on this map:

Map of Wattripont, and its location in relation to Ascq.
Wattripont, and its location in relation to Ascq, showing the relationship between zones DB and EB. Adapted from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/Great War Digital.

And Wattripont has a good candidate chateau with two floors: the now comfortable looking Château Bagatelle:

Château Bagatelle
Château Bagatelle, now a comfortable looking hotel and spa. Click to visit their website and see more present day photographs. Photo credit: Château Bagatelle.

So just maybe this was the chateau in question.

Another Near Disaster

Today’s near disaster was just days before the armistice.  It bookends another near disaster five months ago, when Greg crashed on his first day on the Western Front on 4 June 1918.  Though that time he couldn’t blame the enemy.

Tuesday 4 June 1918 – Near Disaster on the First Day on the Front

Wednesday 3 July 1918 – CBP and a Practical Joke

After two days of shoots, it was back to a counter battery patrol today, for which an entry in the Squadron Record Book is available.  So we can see just what Greg and his Observer saw during the patrol. The entry in his diary doesn’t cover everything that was worth reporting officially. 

Later in the day Greg paid a visit to two Siege Batteries.  These were the batteries that he had been shooting with on the previous couple of days.  A good time was had by all.  Well, perhaps not quite all…Greg was well and truly taken for a ride.

Log Book

Log Book

Date: 3.7.18 
Hour: 6.20 
Machine type: RE8 
No.: E27 
Passenger: Lt Pring 
Time: 2 hrs 20 
Height: 3000 
Course/Remarks: CBP.  Saw several huns

Diary

DiaryDiary

Wednesday July 3rd. CBP 5.30am.
Bomb rack jambed – had to bring bombs back.
Fired 200 rds Vickers all over QB zone.
Sent an NF on guns firing at K30b2.4.
Saw several huns.
Two came very close, could see black crosses on tails.
Napier & Bonner had engine conk & crashed.
Went to see 14 and 145 SB.
Both had been good shoots.
145 people said theirs had been “the best for a few months”

Counter Battery Patrol/Artillery Patrol

Today’s counter battery patrol is the first for which not only Greg’s log book and diary are available but also for which we have the official report in 42 Squadron’s Record Book.  So here is a more detailed look at what Greg saw and did on patrol that morning.  He was sending signals of features of interest every five or ten minutes. The Squadron Record Book entry is hard to read, so a transcription is given, along with some interpretative notes.

Squadron Record Book

42 Squadron Record Book entry for 3 July 1918.
42 Squadron Record Book entry for 3 July 1918. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: R.E.8.27

Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Pring.

Duty: Artillery Patrol

Hour of Start: 6.20am

Hour of Return: 8.40am

Remarks: 
6.30am E.K.B. S of ESTAIRES.  6.40am sent 2 R.E.A. K.D. 6.55am sent K.D. N.F. K.30.b.2.4. Battery silenced.  7.10am sent 3 S.E.A. L.C.  7.15am fire Q.4.c.5.5.  7.20am 2E.K.B. S. of ESTAIRES. 7.30am C.W.S. sent Q.B.  No flashes observed Q.B.  7.35am 2E.K.B. E. of ESTAIRES.  7.40am fire at K.24.c.4.3.  7.45am fire Q.36.a.8.2.  7.50am 3 E.K.B. N. of ESTAIRES.  8.5am C.W.S. sent Q.B.  No flashes seen in Q.B.  Obs. Fired 100 rounds into MERVILLE.  Pilot 200 rounds into buildings in Q.B.  A.A. normal.  E.A. active. Vis. poor very cloudy.  Obs by P. & O.

Translation of Remarks

The map extract below shows the zones and map references mentioned in these interpretative notes.

Remarks: 
6.30am E.K.B. S of ESTAIRES.  [Enemy kite balloon south of Estaires]

6.40am sent 2 R.E.A. K.D. [Two reconnaissance enemy aircraft in zone KD (Merville)]

6.55am sent K.D. N.F. K.30.b.2.4. Battery silenced.  [Signalled: in zone KD (Merville), enemy guns are now firing at map reference K.30.b.2.4 (east of the town centre).  That 'zone call' elicited a response (from the British artillery, probably) that silenced the enemy guns.]

7.10am sent 3 S.E.A. L.C.  [Three scout (fighter) enemy aircraft seen in zone LC, which is east of Merville]

7.15am fire Q.4.c.5.5.  [There is a fire burning at map reference Q.4.c.5.5, which is southwest of Merville]

7.20am 2 E.K.B. S. of ESTAIRES. [Two enemy kite balloons south of Estaires]

7.30am C.W.S. sent Q.B.  No flashes observed Q.B. [Central Wireless Station requested aircraft to investigate zone QB, south of Merville, but no flashes (which would indicate guns firing) were seen.]
  
7.35am 2 E.K.B. E. of ESTAIRES.  [Two enemy kite balloons east of Estaires]

7.40am fire at K.24.c.4.3.  [There is a fire burning at map reference K.24.c.4.3, northeast of Merville]

7.45am fire Q.36.a.8.2.  [There is a fire burning at map reference Q.36.a.8.2, south of Merville]

7.50am 3 E.K.B. N. of ESTAIRES.  Two enemy kite balloons north of Estaires]

8.5am C.W.S. sent Q.B.  No flashes seen in Q.B.  [Central Wireless Station again requested aircraft to investigate zone QB (south of Merville), but no flashes (which would indicate guns firing) were seen.]

Obs. Fired 100 rounds into MERVILLE.  
Pilot 200 rounds into buildings in Q.B. [south of Merville].  
A.A. [anti-aircraft fire] normal.  
E.A. [enemy aircraft] active. 
Vis. [visibility] poor very cloudy.  
Obs by P. & O.

Map Extract Showing Principal Zones and References in Squadron Record Book Entry

Merville and surrounding area
Merville and surrounding area, showing zones and map references referred to in Squadron Record Book entry. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

Bringing the Bombs Home

No doubt a returning pilot would prefer not to have 100 lbs or so of high explosive fixed underneath his aircraft when he landed.  So Greg probably paid extra attention to making a good landing.  But it should be safe enough.  As explained on the RE8 page linked below, the aircraft carried Cooper bombs.  The detonator of the bomb was only exposed to the firing mechanism after the spinner in the nose rotated a plate. So in principle the bomb could not be activated unless it had fallen through the air. It was that which would cause the spinner to rotate.  Nonetheless, who wouldn’t be a little more careful to land nicely?

The Royal Aircraft Factory RE8

Napier & Bonner

There is no further mention in Greg’s diary of Napier and Bonner, whose engine ‘conked and crashed’.

Visit to 14 and 145 Siege Batteries of the Royal Garrison Artillery

‘The closest personal touch’

Greg had his first visit to artillery units later in the day.  He visited the two siege batteries that he had had shoots with on the previous couple of days.  They were 14 Siege Battery (6″ howitzers) on 2 July 1918 and 145 Siege Battery (8″ howitzers) on 1 July 1918.  The authorities encouraged visits such as these.  In fact, the General Staff’s booklet Co-operation of Aircraft with Artillery (December 1917 edition) [S.S. 131] said that visits should take before shoots, rather than after:

The necessity for the the closest personal touch between the Royal Artillery and the Royal Flying Corps cannot be too strongly urged.

A new observer should spend two or three days with a battery before he commences to range guns, and should see it firing with aeroplane observation.  Similarly, Royal Artillery officers should, if possible, spend a few days with their corps squadron… [SS 131 p19]

Well, it didn’t happen in the prescribed sequence for Greg.  Quite possibly, though, the 30 minute test flight with the ‘Art. Chap’ on 2 July 1918 was part of this programme of ‘the closest personal touch’.

Taken for a Ride

In any event, it was very probably on one of these two visits – and I would guess the first of them, which from the sequence in his diary looks as if it was to 14 Siege Battery – that Greg had something of an adventure. Rob Parsons (Greg’s son-in-law and my stepfather) recalls the telling of this story as follows:

It was arranged that Greg should visit one of the artillery batteries that he would be spotting for, in order to appreciate what it was like to be dependent on the information from the aircraft.  It wasn’t long before he realised he was being subjected to a jolly jape, but he accepted that as a temporary 2nd Lieutenant faced with battle-hardened veterans he had to grin and bear it.

Greg was welcomed courteously by the CO, who insisted that in order to observe the battery in action it would be best if he was mounted on a horse a little distance from the guns.  He would find the additional height an advantage, he was told.  He explained that he had never been on a horse, but the kindly CO assured him that it was a docile old thing which would stand there placidly with Lt. Gregory on top.

All of which proved to be true…until the guns opened fire and the docile horse bolted in the direction of the enemy trenches.  As he described it, he was conscious that there were gaps between the horse and Gregory, and Gregory and his tin hat, and that these disappeared and reappeared with ever increasing rapidity as the horse accelerated towards the relative peace of no-man’s land.  Eventually he got the beast under control and managed to turn it on a reciprocal course.  He returned it undamaged whence they had come.  Naturally the whole battery was convulsed with mirth, but they parted on good terms, and to quote a character as yet undreamt of, “It was a grand day out”.

‘All’s Well that Ends Well’, that’s what I say

So Greg returned unscathed.  Any wounded pride was no doubt soothed by the emollient words of 145 Siege Battery, who said that their shoot had been “the best for a few months”.  And he probably was glad of a drink that evening.

Tuesday 4 June 1918 – Near Disaster on the First Day on the Front

This was Greg’s first day on the Western Front, and it nearly ended in disaster, as his log book (laconically) and diary (rather more more fully) explain:

Log book

Log book
Log book
Date: 4.6.18 
Hour: 10 am 
Machine type and No.: RE8 
No.: E102 
Passenger: Lt. Marsh 
Time: 1 hr 
Height: 2500 
Course: Inspection of line. 
Remarks:  Engine conked. Crashed at Triezennes (102 written off)

Diary

Diary
Diary
Tuesday June 4th 1918.  RE8. E102.

Went up at 10am with Lt Marsh as observer.

At 11pm [sic, sc. 11am] engine cut out east of St Flories, just over our line, due to inlet valve stuck open.

Managed to make disused aerodrome at Triezennes but found Infantry Battalion on parade.

Turned off into an adjoining field, – standing crops 6 feet high.

Crashed very badly, machine turned complete somersault.

Observer thrown clear, – self buried under debris, succeeded in getting out safely, – sprained shoulder & split lip.

Had lunch with C.O. of the Battalion & returned to Squadron by tender.

The day’s events are shown on this map:

Greg's first visit to the front, shown on 1:40,000 map
Greg’s first visit to the front, shown on 1:40,000 map (each numbered square is 1,000 yds). Rely to St Floris is ~10 miles (16 km). Click for larger image. Credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

The Front Line at St Floris

St Floris, a settlement on the River Lys just to the east of St Venant, was where the British Amusories-Havaskerque-La Motte Line – a line just behind the most forward positions – crossed the canalised river:

St Floris and St Venant from a 1:10,000 scale trench map
St Floris and St Venant from a 1:10,000 scale trench map, revised to 22 June 1918. Each numbered square is 1,000 yds. Click for larger image. Credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

At this point, Greg was 10 miles (16 km) from the squadron’s airfield at Rely, and needed somewhere nearer to land.  He had 2,500ft of altitude to play with.

Trézennes

Trézennes, also variously spelt as Treizennes and Tresennes, was an airfield just south east of Aire-sur-la-Lys.  The admirable Anciens Aerodromes  website gives the location of Trézennes aerodrome as 50°37’24″N, 2°25’25″E (here on Google maps). 

The airfield was known to 42 Squadron, as the squadron had moved there from Chocques on 9 April 1918 when Operation Michael of the Spring Offensives began:

Tuesday 9 April 1918 – Operation Georgette Begins and 42 Squadron Relocates

The squadron’s subsequent move from Trézennes to Rely was on 25 April 1918.

Although from Greg’s description Trézennes airfield had clearly been colonised by the army on 4 June 1918 (even if, as he was later to say, “they had no bloody business being there”) the Imperial War Museum has a couple of aerial photos of Trézennes that pose a bit of a puzzle.  They are described as showing the airfield in use by 14 Squadron RNAS (Hadley Page bombers) on 1 June 1918.  Here is one of the photos: 

THE GERMAN SPRING OFFENSIVE, MARCH-JULY 1918

Trezennes© IWM (Q 11552)  

It is rather hard to reconcile this description with Greg’s experience three days later.  And it is odd that the IWM description should refer to the RNAS when it had ceased to exist on 1 April 1918.  Possibly the IWM photographs are mis-dated.

“Standing Crops 6 feet High”

Although 6 ft (1.8 m) may seem implausible for a crop height to modern readers, it is easy to forget that today’s crops of cereals such as wheat and barley are ultra-dwarf varieties.  Their forebears of the decades and centuries before the “Green Revolution” of the 1960s were much taller.  For example, an ancient Italian variety of wheat (Mirabella) could reportedly grow 84 inches (7 ft, 2.1 m) tall, as reported here.  Or, of course, the crop might not have been a cereal but may have been something like sunflowers!  So, even allowing for a less than perfectly accurate assessment of its height by Greg, something growing to 6 ft in the field was perfectly feasible.

The Official Casualty Report

The official casualty report bears out Greg’s account of the day.  This image is courtesy of Andrew Pentland of the hugely informative www.airhistory.org.uk website:

Casualty report
Casualty report – click for larger image. Credit: Andrew Pentland.
Short report: Pilot and Observer uninjured.  Machine left aerodrome 10.0am.  R.P.M. dropped to 750 and engine backfiring badly, tried to land on TREIZENNES Aerodrome, found ground covered with troops drilling, turned to the right and had to land in standing crops, turning upside down at 11.0am.
Damage:- All main planes damaged.  Fin and rudder damaged. 2 rear upper cross members of fuselage broken. 2 centre section struts broken and all fittings damaged.  L.H. joint plate L & M damaged.  Fuselage fitting R.H. at top of No 3 strut damaged.  Undercarriage damaged. Scarff gun mounting wrecked.  L.H. and R.H. magnetos damaged. Magneto platform broken. Camshaft doubtful.  Exhaust pipes damaged. Recommended to be struck off charge of No 42 Squadron and transferred to No 1 A.D. for repair.
Recommended to be struck off charge of 1st (Corps) Wing and No 42 Squadron and transferred to No 1 A.D. for repair.

So, a mere three days after E102 had been accepted by 42 Squadron, it was struck off its charge.  Not quite a write-off, but certainly a major repair job.

“Pilot and Observer uninjured”

Both Greg and 2nd Lt. Marsh were evidently very lucky on this occasion.  It was probably truer to say that Greg was only slightly injured (hurt shoulder, split lip) rather than uninjured. And all his life he had a slightly weepy left eye, as his tear duct became permanently blocked when the bridge of his nose banged on the combing above the dashboard. On that subject, Rob Parsons (Greg’s son-in-law and my stepfather) remembers him saying that when he recovered he tried to get in the same position on another aircraft, but found it impossible to get the whole of his body below the level of the cockpit combing, where he had been trapped.

2nd Lt. Marsh’s luck, however, was to desert him before the month was out.

 

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