June to November 1918: Flying and Armaments Statistics

At the back of Greg’s log book is a table, in which he compiled some summary statistics.  They show his flying hours and armaments used over the months he was on the Western Front.

Log Book

Log Book

MONTHBOMBSVICKERSLEWISTOTALHOURS
JUNE241,0001,5002,50023 hrs 55 m
JULY441,2002,2003,40055 hrs 0 m
AUGUST544,1005,3009,40046 hrs 20 m
SEPTEMBER85007001,20012 hrs 15 m
OCTOBER1340030070022 hrs 05 m
NOVEMBER121006007007 hrs 50 m
TOTALS:1557,30010,60017,900 167 hrs 25 m

Flying and Armaments Statistics

There are a few interesting points that emerge when comparing the figures month-by-month, and when looking at how they were built up.  As a reminder, the pilot fired the Vickers gun through the propeller, which was safeguarded by a synchronisation mechanism.  The observer fired the lighter and more manoeuvrable Lewis gun, which was mounted on a Scarff ring around his compartment.  More on the RE8 and its armaments here:

The Royal Aircraft Factory RE8

June

Greg arrived at the squadron as a new pilot on 3 June 1918.  He had a rocky start, with engine failure and a crash landing on 4 June 1918. As a result of his minor injuries he didn’t fly for a few days.  According to his log book:

Shortly afterwards he was off for a few days with an attack of “Merville Fever” (Spanish flu), starting on 20 June 1918.

So his first month was not a full one: 17 flying days in all.

July

In terms of hours flown, July 1918 was Greg’s busiest month. He spent 55 hours in the air, which works out at an average of just over 1 hr 45 mins per day (including non-flying days).  To start with he was mostly flying counter-battery patrols.  There were more observations of artillery fire (“shoots”) later in the month.  A big day was  18 July 1918, when he directed fire onto Merville railway bridge that brought it down.  

On 20 July 1918 Greg began to record in his log book the number of rounds fired and bombs dropped.  This was refined on 29 July 1918, when he began separately recording the number of rounds fired from the Lewis and Vickers guns.  Possibly this was part of an effort to encourage aircrew to shoot and bomb the enemy more.  The numbers certainly increased.

August

Another busy month.  In fact, by the measure of small arms fire, it was by far the busiest.  The 9,400 rounds fired by both Lewis and Vickers guns were more than the rounds fired in all the other months that Greg was on the front put together.  His 46 hrs 20 mins in the air averaged out at about 1 hr 30 mins per day, again including non-flying days.  The work was – as had now become usual – a mix of counter-battery patrols and shoots.  One of the shoots was on 8 August 1918, the day of the start of the Allies’ Final Offensive.  It was a shoot on a hostile battery just west of Merville, and Greg was evidently proud of it.

September

Greg was on leave for most of the second half of the month (from 18 September to 2 October 1918).  But, even so, the figures are quite light for the time that he was in the field.  This is partly accounted for by eight non-flying days from 4-11 September 1918 for unknown reasons.  In fact, he was only in the air on six days in September.  So his total of 12 hrs 15 mins in the air for the month works out at just over two hours per flying day.  Small arms fire was well down on the previous month, even allowing for the reduced flying.

October

There were 17 flying days this month.  On 13 October 1918 the squadron moved from Rely to Chocques.  By this time, the German army was on the run, and Greg’s work was a mixture of counter-battery and reconnaissance patrols.  His first patrol east of Lille – quite a milestone – was on 17 October 1918.  And five days later, on 22 October 1918, the squadron itself moved east of Lille to Ascq.  Greg didn’t direct a single shoot in the month, and there wasn’t much small arms fire.  

November

The November statistics only cover the time up to the armistice, which is proper since they relate to war flying.  During the time, the bomb tally and the small arms fire was essentially the same as for the whole of October.  This probably shows that in the closing days some increased pressure was being applied to the retreating enemy.  And the small arms figure also includes the large number of rounds fired in the château-shoot up adventure that Greg and Capt. Gordon had on 2 November 1918.  That was the last day Greg fired small arms ammunition in the war.  He didn’t fly for five days after 3 November 1918, possibly because of another attack of flu.  On 10 November 1918 Greg dropped his last bombs.  Armistice Day itself saw merely a joyride and a travelling flight to the squadron’s new home at Marquain, across the border in Belgium, untroubled by the newly silent guns.

November flying during the armistice only amounted to a further 55 mins. 

Tuesday 22 October 1918 – 42 Squadron RAF Moves to Ascq

In a vivid indication – if further indication were needed – of how fast the war was moving (and moving eastwards), 42 Squadron RAF was itself on the move again.  After a mere nine days in Chocques, the squadron today travelled the 25 miles (40.5 km) ENE to Ascq, just east of Lille.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 22.10.18 
Time Out: 7.00 
Rounds Fired – Lewis: - 
Rounds Fired – Vickers: - 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s:  176 hrs 20 mins 
RE8: 2517 
Observer: Scarterfield 
War Flying: 0 hrs 25 mins 
Height: 1500 
Course/Remarks:  Travelling flight to Ascq.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book
Click for larger image.
Type and Number: R.E.8.27
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Scarterfield
Duty: Travelling Flight.
Hour of Start: 0705
Hour of Return: 0735
Remarks: Travelling to new Aerodrome

This all looks fairly straightforward, until you consider which aeroplane Greg and Lt Scarterfield actually flew in.  Was it 2517, as in Greg’s log book, or E27, as in the Squadron Record Book?  Well, who knows.  But if the reconnaissance flight on Friday 18 October 1918 (link below) wasn’t Greg’s last flight in E27, then today’s travelling flight certainly was.

Friday 18 October 1918 – Reconnaissance into Belgium

From Artois to Flanders

Since 42 Squadron was deployed (as 42 Squadron RFC) to the Lys sector in March 1918, it has always operated out of aerodromes in the Pas-de-Calais département.  These were (with dates of arrival, which are linked to the relevant posts):

Artois

The flag of Artois
The flag of Artois. Credit Wikipedia User:Patricia.fidi

Chocques, Trèzennes and Rely aerodromes were in the sizeable central portion of the Pas-de-Calais that was the ancient County of Artois (Dutch Artesië, whence the English adjective artesian, as in well), of which the capital was Arras. 

Today was the day that 42 Squadron moved from Artois to Flanders – French Flanders, that is.

Map of 42 Squadron’s move ENE from Chocques to Ascq.
42 Squadron’s move ENE from Chocques to Ascq shown on a modern map (courtesy Google). Click for a larger, zoomable map (opens in new tab)

Flanders

Flag of Flanders
Flag of Flanders. Credit: Tom Lemmens (Wikipedia User:Tom-L)

Flanders was also an ancient (medieval) county whose territory is today in France and Belgium.  Lille (Dutch Reisel) is one of its major cities, and its principal domestic railway station is Lille Flandres.  Today, French Flanders is part of the Nord département. 

The old course of the River Lys, as it flowed from west to east near Merville, marked the boundary between the counties of Artois and Flanders.  It does the same job now, demarking the Pas-de-Calais and Nord départements.  In acknowledgement of the ancient boundary, the dykes forming the north and south banks of the canalised River Lys are today known as the Digue de Flandres and the the Digue d’Artois.  

Farewell to Chocques

Only having been in Chocques for just over a week, 42 Squadron barely had time to get their feet under the table.  It can’t have felt much like home in so short a time.  But Greg may have felt leaving Chocques to be significant for another reason.  It was here that he first saw and probably heard the effect of the artillery of the Western Front, as he travelled through on his way to Rely in early June 1918.  Chocques had been just 2½ miles from the front line:

Sunday 2 June 1918 – The Long Trail to Aire

Ascq

Ascq, where 42 Squadron was moving to, was a small settlement a couple of miles out into the countryside east of Lille, with a station on the railway line to Tournai.  Today, it still has the station, but it has grown into Villeneuve-d’Ascq, which is practically a city in its own right.  Villeneuve-d’Ascq is home to the  Université de Lille, Campus Cité Scientifique, and to the headquarters of the well known French supermarket Auchan. 

The site of the former aerodrome was south of the Rue des Fusilés (today the D941) and now accommodates a housing development.  It is shown here with a red flag in the bottom right quadrant of square R.15 (i.e. R.15.d) of a First World War 1:40,000 scale map, and correspondingly on a modern map:

Ascq (left centre) in the First World War.
Ascq, east of Lille, in the First World War. The airfield is in square R.15, marked with a red flag in the bottom right sub-square (d). Click for larger image. Map credit: TNA/IWM/Great War Digital.
Ascq, east of Lille, today
Ascq, east of Lille, today. A red flag again marks the airfield. Click for larger image. Map credit: IGN France/Great War Digital.

Zone Calls

The following zone calls are recorded in the Squadron Record Book today, together in each case with the word ‘Unobserved’.  Presumably other squadrons put out these calls, calling for artillery fire on what appeared to be urgent and high value targets. The zones in question were all to the east of Tournai.  But 42 Squadron was unable to observe the response to any of them as they were busy relocating to their new home, which was about 13 miles (21 km) miles to the west.

Squadron Record Book
Click for larger image.
Zone Calls.
P.C. G.F. TRAIN P.24.b.1.3     Unobserved
J.C. N.F. A.A. J.25.a.85.75         "
J.C. W.P. N.F. A.A. J.25.a          "
J.C. G.F. TRAIN J.31.d.2.6 W        "
J.C. G.F. TRAIN J.32.c.8.4 E        "
J.A. N.F. J.13.d.95.05              "

Translation Key:

  • P.C.J.C. and J.A. are all map zones northeast (J.A. and J.C.) and east (P.C.) of Tournai.
  • G.F.: Gun fire (or Fleeting target)
  • N.F.: Guns Now Firing in position at…
  • N.F.A.A.: Anti-aircraft ditto
  • W.P.N.F.: Many batteries in square active (followed by location of square)   
  • W travelling west
  • E travelling east

A Confusion of Zones

There’s something wrong with the first zone call (P.C. G.F. TRAIN P.24.b.1.3).  Map position P.24.b.1.3 isn’t in zone P.C.; rather, it is is zone P.D.  Which is wrong, the zone or the map reference?  Well, a railway passes through P.24.b.1.3, so perhaps P.D. G.F. TRAIN P.24.b.1.3 was intended.  But the same railway also passes through P.20.b.1.3, which is 4,000 yards to the west, in zone P.C.  So maybe P.C. G.F. TRAIN P.20.b.1.3 was intended.

No doubt this ambiguous error caused some cursing on the part of the battery artillery commanders, as well as a few wasted shells.  

A Bit of Light Exercise…

Armed with the above zone calls, the key, and knowledge of the above error, all that is needed to locate the targets on a map is, well, a map.  So here it is, and I’ve marked the relevant zones on it.  But the location of the targets is left as an exercise for the reader. (I’ve always wanted to write a sentence like that.)  Help is at hand – see the link below the map.

Map showing zones near Tournai.
Zones near Tournai. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Further information on map references and zone calls generally is available here:

Counter Battery Patrols and Zone Calls

Next Up…

The next entry in Greg’s log book is for Thursday 24 October 1918.

Friday 18 October 1918 – Reconnaissance into Belgium

Yesterday’s reconnaissance patrol was remarkable for being east of Lille. Today’s patrol was remarkable for how much further east it was: into Belgium, as far as the River Escaut.  And for encountering 10 Fokkers.  This was Greg’s last patrol in the RE8 serial No E27, which may have been named ‘Gwen’, at least by him.  Meanwhile, more British troops enter Lille.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 18.10.18 
Time Out: 12.00 
Rounds Fired – Lewis: - 
Rounds Fired – Vickers: 100 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s:  175 hrs 55 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Scarterfield 
War Flying: 2 hrs 20 mins 
Height: 3000 
Course/Remarks:  Reconn.  10 Huns.  Fokker biplanes.

Squadron Record Book

Type and Number: R.E.8.E27
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Scarterfield
Duty: Reconnaissance
Hour of Start: 1200
Hour of Return: 1420
Remarks: Reconnaissance running along the railway running East from LILLE through M.13 - 18. N.13 - 15 – 12.
Flooded fields at G.32.
1245. Shelling at TEMPLEUVE (H.33). Large white bursts.
1245. Light engine with steam up stationary at N.15.c.0.7.
1250. Large fires in woods along railway at I.31.c.  Bridges along River ESCAUT all apparently intact and not damaged.
No enemy trenches were observed on the West side of l’ESCAUT River.
Enemy machine gun posts still in houses in village in L.24. & M.2.a.
1315. Heavy shelling of railway junction & FORT CROIX DE VALLERS (Shrapnel).
British cavalry seen in M.8.
Large bodies of British troops moving East, N.E. of LILLE towards BREUCQ. (L.15).
R.E.8. Numbered ‘3’ slightly crashed at L.13.b.9.9.
ROUBAIX station in G.3.a. on fire.
A.A. Fire not very accurate over M. & N. squares. Two bursts fired whilst flying at 1000’ over G.25.  Enemy tracers fired at machine whilst flying low over G.22. 23. 30. H.31. N.2. N.9.
E.A. 1300. Large formation of ten Fokker Biplanes flying west at about 5000’ over N.A. zone.  Bursts from Lewis fired at one which dived.  Formation continued in a North Westerly direction climbing above clouds.

Vis. Fair.  Height 400/3000’. Obs by P.&.O.

Another lengthy Squadron Record Book (SRB) report, which is perhaps not surprising given the pace of events on the ground.  The distance covered on the ground was remarkable –  going east from Lille to the Escaut river, which flows north from Tournai some 4½ miles (7.5km) to the east of the Belgian border.  To put this in context, Tournai is almost as far to the east of Lille (15 miles, 24 km) as Merville is to the west (18 miles, 29 km).  And it had taken quite some months to cover the ground from Merville to Lille.

It’s difficult to fit all these events on a map that’s large enough to see the detail (even when clicked).  So here’s a selection, on a map that shows the land between Lille, in France, and Tournai, in Belgium.

Map showing some of the observations on reconnaissance patrol on 18 October 1918
Map showing some of the observations on reconnaissance patrol on 18 October 1918. East of Lille to Tournai.  Adapted from a composite of 1:40,000 scale maps. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. French-Belgian border position only approximate. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Large fires in woods along railway at I.31.c.

At 1250 Greg reported large fires in woods along a railway line, at I.31.c. The woods are between the villages of Fourcroix and Pont-à-Chin, northwest of Tournai.  This larger scale map extract shows them in better detail:

Map showing fire in woods at I.31.c, northwest of Tournai, on 18 October 1918.
Map showing fire in woods at I.31.c, northwest of Tournai, on 18 October 1918.  See below for the significance of the blue car. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

The railway in question, incidentally, is the line running northwest from Tournai towards Kortrijk, just after the branch off west towards Lille.

The view of the woods today, looking from where the blue car is shown on the map, is this:

View of woods
The view looking north to the woods by the railway line where the fires were at I.31.c – complete with blue car.  If you tap or click to see a larger image, you should be able to make out the masts of the railway’s present day catenary system in front of the trees. 

The map reference of the car’s location, in First World War terms, is 35.O.1.a.7.3.  You can see the location today on Google Maps at https://goo.gl/maps/wkfzpNFVGeC2.  

Bursts from Lewis

According to the SRB, the Lewis gun fired bursts at one of the Fokker biplanes that were seen over zone N.A.  But if we believe Greg’s log book, the Vickers gun fired 100 rounds,  and the Lewis gun fired nothing.  It looks as though one of these entries is a mix up, but who can now tell which was right?

Back home to Chocques

From Pont-à-Chin on the River Escaut, north of Tournai, back to Chocques was 34 miles (55 km).  This is almost three times the distance from Merville to Rely, which was a frequent journey home for Greg not so many weeks ago. An indication that 42 Squadron will soon need to move again.

Farewell to E27

According to his log book, this was Greg’s final flight in E27, which had more or less been his usual machine.  (According to the Squadron Record Book, Greg flew E27 on a short travelling flight on 22 October 1918, which his log book records as having been in 2517.  But whichever is correct, both sources agree that this was his last war flying patrol in E27.)

E27’s History

E27 had been built by Siddeley-Deasy in Coventry in March 1918, as a gift from  the Chiefs of the Northern Shan States, Burma.  It was  despatched to the British Expeditionary Force (c/o No 1 Aeroplane Supply Depot (ASD), then at St Omer) the following month.  E27 was allocated to 42 Squadron on 11 April 1918 – three days after Greg had got his wings at Yatesbury:

Monday 8 April 1918 – RAF Graduation and First Solo in RE8

An RE8 named Gwen?

Greg had first flown E27 on 11 June 1918.  This was the occasion when he got hopelessly lost, and he landed at Bergues, near Dunkirk.  It was also when he wrote the name Gwen next to E27 in his diary.  Greg took up E27 most flying days since that day, until he went on leave on 18 September 1918.  But when he came back he only flew this aeroplane occasionally.  Today marked his 63rd flight in the aircraft. It was his final patrol, and possibly his last flight, in it. The records show that E27 was marked ‘time expired’ on 1 November 1918.  The squadron handed it back to No. 1 ASD (which by then had moved to Marquise, between Boulogne and Calais, and located more precisely here) on 8 November 1918.

Observers came and went, but E27 – whether named Gwen or not – was the nearest Greg had to a constant companion.  And in the end, the aircraft just wore out.  

Thanks to airhistory.org.uk for the history of E27.

RE8 Serial No E29
RE8 Serial No E29, a sister aircraft to E27, built at the same time (March 1918) by Siddeley-Deasy in Coventry. E29 was named Lamberhurst.  On the subject of RE8 names, it may be that E27 was named Gwen, possibly officially or just affectionately by Greg – see the post for 11 June 1918.  Click for larger image. Photo marked public domain by Wikipedia.

Meanwhile, in Lille…

More British troops entered Lille from the west. They got a warm reception, as these Imperial War Museum photographs show.  

Troops of the 8th Battalion, Liverpool Regiment (57th British Division, XI Corps), swarmed by local children, entering Lille, 18 October 1918.
THE HUNDRED DAYS OFFENSIVE, AUGUST-NOVEMBER 1918 (Q 9579) Troops of the 8th Battalion, Liverpool Regiment (57th British Division, XI Corps), swarmed by local children, entering Lille, 18 October 1918. The soldier carrying a Lewis machine gun is Private Arthur John O’Hare 307465. Click for larger image. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205222941
Troops of the 8th Battalion, the King's (Liverpool Regiment, Liverpool Irish, 57th Division) entering Lille, 18 October 1918.
THE HUNDRED DAYS OFFENSIVE, AUGUST-NOVEMBER 1918 (Q 9572) Troops of the 8th Battalion, the King’s (Liverpool Regiment, Liverpool Irish, 57th Division) entering Lille, 18 October 1918. Click for larger image. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205245317
Troops of the 57th and 59th Divisions (probably of the 8th Battalion, Liverpool Regiment), swarmed by local children and decorated with flowers, entering Lille, 18 October 1918.
THE HUNDRED DAYS OFFENSIVE, AUGUST-NOVEMBER 1918 (Q 9575) Troops of the 57th and 59th Divisions (probably of the 8th Battalion, Liverpool Regiment), swarmed by local children and decorated with flowers, entering Lille, 18 October 1918. Click for larger image. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205245320
Troops of the 8th Battalion, the King's (Liverpool Regiment, Liverpool Irish, 57th Division) entering Lille, 18 October 1918
THE HUNDRED DAYS OFFENSIVE, AUGUST-NOVEMBER 1918 (Q 9574) Troops of the 8th Battalion, the King’s (Liverpool Regiment, Liverpool Irish, 57th Division) entering Lille, 18 October 1918. Note a barefooted French boy with a rifle, clearly given to him by a smiling soldier on his right. Click for larger image. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205245319
Troops of the 8th Battalion, the King's (Liverpool Regiment, Liverpool Irish, 57th Division) entering the outskirts of Lille, 18 October 1918.
THE HUNDRED DAYS OFFENSIVE, AUGUST-NOVEMBER 1918 (Q 9580) Troops of the 8th Battalion, the King’s (Liverpool Regiment, Liverpool Irish, 57th Division) entering the outskirts of Lille, 18 October 1918. Click for larger image. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205232604

Next up…

Greg’s next log book entry is for Tuesday 22 October 1918.

Thursday 17 October 1918 – Flying East of Liberated Lille

Today was the day of the liberation of Lille. It was a momentous day for the populace, when the British Fifth Army under General Birdwood entered the city. It was also significant day for Greg:  he records for the first time that he was reconnoitring east of Lille, near and around the Fort du Vinage.  He noted the destructive trail left by the withdrawing German army, and he reported the newly established German line south of Roubaix.

Log Book

Log Book

Date: 17.10.18 
Time Out: 14.10 
Rounds Fired – Lewis: - 
Rounds Fired – Vickers: - 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s:  173 hrs 35 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Scarterfield 
War Flying: 2 hrs 15 mins 
Height: 2000 
Course/Remarks:  Reconn.  5000x E of Lille

5000x E of Lille

There is a bit of a puzzle in the log book entry: what does the x denote? 

The first issue is what letter it actually is.  I have transcribed it as a superscripted ‘x’, as that seems to me to be the most likely option.  But it could, just conceivably, be a ‘t’.  But in that case, what might a ‘t’ stand for?  From the Squadron Record Book (SRB), extracted below, we can establish definitively that it doesn’t mean British troops. The entry clearly states: “No British troops seen East of Lille”.  And although German troops east of Lille would be unremarkable, the SRB merely refers to a “few odd German infantry with civilians on road…”  The same reasoning would also rule out tanks (if the quantity of 5,000 hadn’t ruled them out anyway).

But in any event, the superscript looks more like an ‘x’ than a ‘t’.  And it is hard to think of a plausible word beginning with an ‘x’ that it might stand for.  

So what else might ‘x’ mean?

Might it indicate height?  5,000 ft is certainly a reasonable height for an RE8 to fly at.  But on this occasion both the log book and the SRB tell us that Greg flew no higher than 2,000 ft.  So that’s not it.

My working hypothesis is that ‘x’ indicates distance, specifically yards, on the ground.  The maps that Greg was working with all had numbered 1,000 yard sub-squares, within 6,000 yard lettered squares.  (See the article on Counter-Battery Patrols for an explanation of how the map reference system worked.)  So pilots would be well used to gauging distances in 1,000 yard units.  Given the locations that Greg reported on in that patrol (from the SRB again), it is likely that he was flying some five map sub-squares east of Lille, which is to say 5,000 yards east of the city.  But even if this is the correct explanation, I don’t know why he wrote ‘5000x‘ and not ‘5000 yds’.  Any suggestions or alternative explanations welcome.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book
Squadron Record Book. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: R.E.8.27
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Scarterfield
Duty: Reconnaissance
Hour of Start: 1410
Hour of Return: 1625
Remarks: FIRES at the following places:-
Farm F.25.d.4.5
Houses K.6.a.4.6
Factory Q.1.b.0.4
   "    K.20.d.5.0
   "    K.15.central.)
   "    K.2.c.0.5    ) Commenced during patrol.

Enemy trench system in wood at L.22.a.&.b. apparently unoccupied; full of water.
Few odd German Infantry with civilians on road L.15.d.& L.16.a.
BRIDGE destroyed at:-
Railway over road at L.13.d.4.5.
   "     "    "      K.24.d.6.4.
   "     "    "      K.23.d.9.3.
   "     "    "      K.22.b.6.9.

All bridges and locks on Eastern water defences [see below] of LILLE destroyed.
EXPLOSIONS at:-
1534. K.5.c.6.8. (Apparently dump)
1535. F.26.a.Central.

Large fires burning in LANNOY and on Eastern outskirts of ROUBAIX.
Bridges along river from L.9 to L.29 all destroyed.
Forts BABYLON, du VINAGE, & de MONS [en BAROEUL] occupied lightly by patrols.
Fired at with rifles from FORT DU VINAGE. [see below]
1530. Two civilians at Fort roads [sic: cross-roads?] at K.18.central, proceeding from direction of ROUBAIX to LILLE.
No British troops seen East of LILLE.
Enemy outposts appear to be holding a line roughly running though L.16, R.10 & X.5.  Few odd patrols & civilians seen W. of this line.

A.A. Vigorous burst of accurate A.A. fire over L.24. & L.29 at 1525.
Vis poor.  Height 400/2000’.  Obs by P.&.O.

This lengthy Squadron Record Book entry confirms that the action was shifting to the east of the city by mid-afternoon.  Much infrastructure had visibly been destroyed by the withdrawing German army.  It was a remarkable day, given that it had started with the British front line being some 4½ miles (7 km) northwest of Lille, towards Armentières:

Map of British Front west of Lille on the morning of 17 October 1918
The British Front west of Lille on the morning of 17 October 1918. By the afternoon, the city would be liberated. Adapted from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

And here, on a larger scale map, are some of the locations mentioned in the SRB entry for the mid-afternoon reconnaissance patrol undertaken by Greg and Lt Scarterfield:

Map showing observations on reconnaissance patrol on 17 October 1918.
Map showing observations on reconnaissance patrol on 17 October 1918. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Fort du Vinage, and Anti-Aircraft Fire

Greg says that he was fired at with rifles from the Fort du Vinage (also known as the Fort du Haut Vinage).  He can’t have been flying too far from it to see this happening.  Fort du Vinage is about five sub-squares (5,000 yards) east of the centre of Lille. 

Also, he reports a “vigorous burst of accurate A.A. [anti-aircraft] fire over L.24. & L.29 at 1525”.  Those sub-squares are about five sub-squares east of Mons-en-Baroeul, on the easternmost outskirts of the city.

These points support the idea that the ‘5000x‘ in the log book is a reference to 5,000 yds east of Lille.

Bridges on Eastern Water Defences Destroyed

The old city of Lille was surrounded by water.  Over the last hundred years, Lille has expanded greatly.  The southern and eastern water defences of the old city have been filled in and are the course of Autoroutes that form part of the city’s boulevard périphérique.  The northern part of the old eastern water defences now also accommodates the high speed rail line from Calais and London and is the site of Lille Europe station (“Lilleurope” as they announce it on the Eurostar trains).  Both the tracks at this point and the station are underground.

Map of Lille in the First World War.
Lille in the First World War, from a 1:40,000 scale map. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.
Map of Central Lille today.
Central Lille today, from 1:25,000 scale map re-scaled to match the First World War map above. Click for larger image. Map credit IGN France/GreatWarDigital.

The German Line

Greg records that “Enemy outposts appear to be holding a line roughly running though L.16, R.10 & X.5”.  This line runs more or less due south from Roubaix, some 4 miles (6.5km) east of the centre of Lille.  It passes through Anappes and Sainghin.  Annappes is now part of Villeneuve-d’Ascq, which is itself part of the Lille-Roubaix-Tourcoing conurbation.  Sainghin (today Sainghin-en-Mélantois) is just near the important high speed rail junction southeast of Lille, where the lines from Paris, Brussels and London all meet. 

Lille from the Air

Greg had a couple of aerial photographs of Lille in his collection.  They are unmarked and undated, so it is hard to know when they were taken.  But it is likely to have been today or later, given the occupation of the city beforehand.  Possibly they were taken after the armistice.  But in any event here they are, with corresponding contemporary views from Google maps:

Vertical aerial view of Lille in 1918 - Flandres Station and Théâtre
Vertical aerial view of Lille in 1918, showing Lille Flandres station (bottom right) and what was then the Théâtre de Lille, now the Opéra de Lille (centre left). Click for larger image. Photo credit: Greg’s War Collection.
Contemporary vertical aerial view of Lille.
The same aerial view today, courtesy of Google. The new Lille Europe station is off the field to the top right.  Click for link to Google maps.
Oblique aerial view of Lille in 1918
Slightly oblique aerial view of Lille in 1918, showing the city centre and the Place de la République (bottom centre left) Click for larger image. Photo credit: Greg’s War Collection.
Contemporary oblique aerial view of Lille.
The same aerial view today, courtesy of Google. Click for link to Google maps.

It is evident from the two 1918 photographs that, although knocked about, Lille did not suffer physical destruction to anything like the same extent as Ypres, some 17 miles (27 km) away to the northwest.  The contrast with the aerial photographs in the following post for 28 September 1918 is quite telling:

Saturday 28 September 1918 – Ypres

 Liberation of Lille…and Elsewhere

Liberation was in the air, and not only in Lille.  In this newly published article, Michael Seymour explains what it meant for the people of Lille and elsewhere:

Liberation of Lille…and Elsewhere

Monday 14 October 1918 – First CBP from Chocques

On their first day at their base at Chocques, 42 Squadron’s aircraft are back at work.  Greg is assigned with Lt Bett to an afternoon counter-battery patrol in the same aircraft that he ferried over from Rely yesterday.  They were working around Englos and Sequedin, west of Lille. But they had to cut the patrol short.  This was because the weather was poor, and the engine was missing badly.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 14.10.18 
Time Out: 14.15 
Rounds Fired – Lewis: - 
Rounds Fired – Vickers: 100 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s:  171 hrs 20 mins 
RE8: 6740 
Observer: Bett 
War Flying: 1 hr 50 mins 
Height: 3000 
Course/Remarks:  C.B.P.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book
Squadron Record Book. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: R.E.8.6740
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Bett
Duty: Artillery Patrol
Hour of Start: 1415.
Hour of Return: 1605.
Remarks: No flashes seen, possibly owing to poor visibility.
1500. Fire (buildings) burning for a few minutes at P.13.c.5.9. [Hallenes-lez-Haubourdin]
Broad belts of wire protecting trenches in P.4.b. & 5.a. [Le Marais] 
Unable to observe any train activity owing to mist.
Early return due to engine missing badly.
A.A. active.  A.A.M.G. [anti-aircraft machine guns] active from O.5. & O.6. [Ennetières-en-Weppe] 
E.A. Nil
E.K.B. Nil.
BOMBS. 1445. 4- 25lb dropped in O.12.d. [Moulin Joyeux] Four bursts observed.
100.V.G. fired from 2000’ into FORT d’ENGLOS.
Vis. Poor.  Height 2000’.  Obs. by P.&.O.

Englos and Sequedin

All this activity was around Englos and Sequedin, just to the west of Lille:

Map showing observations on counter battery patrol
Map showing observations on counter battery patrol. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Today, between Englos and Sequedin there is a major autoroute junction on the A25, which runs from Dunkirk to Lille

Yet again, Fort d’Englos was on the receiving end of the RE8’s weapons, as on 8 October 1918 and 5 October 1918.  Evidently it was still being used as a garrison site and ammunition depot.

In the end, engine trouble caused Greg and Lt Bett to go home early.  At least the journey back to Chocques was 10 miles (16 km) shorter than it would have been to Rely.

Small Gain at Wavrin on the Front Line

The British Front Line, which ran more or less north-south just to the east of Armentières, had not moved much since 7 October 1918.  An exception was a small salient encompassing a railway junction near the small settlement of Wavrin:

British Front gain at Wavrin at 14 October 1918.
The British Front east of Armentières showing the small salient gained at Wavrin by 14 October 1918. Adapted from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

A small gain, but possibly a significant one. Gaining the junction meant that British troops now controlled the railway running just behind the front from La Basée to Armentières. No doubt very useful logistically.  

Next up…

Greg’s next log book entry is for 17 October 1918.

Sunday 13 October 1918 – 42 Squadron RAF Moves to Chocques

Today Greg has a one-way flight, with sandbags for company, as 42 Squadron RAF makes the move to Chocques.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 13.10.18 
Time Out: 11.45 
Rounds Fired – Lewis: - 
Rounds Fired – Vickers: - 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s:  169 hrs 30 mins 
RE8: 6740 
Observer: Sandbags 
War Flying: 0 hrs 15 mins 
Height: 3000 
Course/Remarks:  Travelling flight to Chocques.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book
Squadron Record Book. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: R.E.8. 6740
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory.  
Duty: Travelling Flight
Hour of Start: 1220
Hour of Return: 1235
Remarks: Travelling from RELY aerodrome.

Move to Chocques

The air above Lillers would have been abuzz with the noise of a squadron of RE8s moving the 10½ miles (17 km) ESE from Rely to Chocques:

Rely to Chocques shown on a modern map
42 Squadron’s move east from Rely to Chocques shown on a modern map (courtesy Google). Click for a larger, zoomable map (opens in new tab)

As well as moving east, they also went downhill.  Rely Aerodrome, in the Artesian hills southwest of Aire-sur-la-Lys, was just on the 100m contour mark.  Chocques Aerodrome was just on the southern edge of the Lys Valley – elevation 20m, about 3m higher than Merville.  Interestingly, the contours on the trench maps (1:10,000, 1:20,000 and 1:40,000) were all in metres, even though the grid squares were resolutely in yards.

The location of the aerodrome at Chocques was the subject of the post for Friday 11 October 1918.

For the old hands in the squadron – few as they may have been – there must have been a sense of being back in old haunts.  42 Squadron RFC, as it then was, had moved here on 22 March 1918:

Friday 22 March 1918 – 42 Squadron RFC Moves to Chocques

Chocques had been the squadron’s first base in the Lys Sector, and its first operational base since it had moved to France from Italy the week before. After only 18 days, it was driven west to Trèzennes and then Rely in the Spring Offensives:

The Spring Offensives

But now the tide was flowing the other way, and the move to Chocques was part of the Allies’ final offensive.  Moving back to their old base must have been a source of some satisfaction for the officers and men of 42 Squadron RAF, including Greg.  Though maybe not for his unresponsive companion Lt Sandbags (see here under ‘Crew’).

Friday 11 October 1918 – Inspection of Chocques Aerodrome

In the first of a couple of travelling flights, Greg takes up his old ‘bus’ E27, which he flew almost consistently from mid-June to mid-September, and flew to Chocques Aerodrome.  Sgt Hewitt came with him.  Greg’s log book rather gives the impression that he left the aircraft there.  But the Squadron Record Book makes clear that they just inspected the new aerodrome from the air, so they would have come back to Rely.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 11.10.18 
Time Out: 10.05 
Rounds Fired – Lewis: - 
Rounds Fired – Vickers: - 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s:  169 hrs 15 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Sgt. Hewitt 
War Flying: 0 hrs 25 mins 
Height: 1000 
Course/Remarks:  Travelling flight to Chocques.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book
Squadron Record Book. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: R.E.8. 27
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Sgt Hewitt
Duty: Practice Flight.
Hour of Start: 1005
Hour of Return: 1030.
Remarks: Inspection of CHOCQUES aerodrome from the air.

Location of Chocques Aerodrome

Chocques Aerodrome wasn’t actually quite at Chocques.  It was a little north of the town, on the Oblinghem side of Gonnehem .  Apparently, in the early days, the aerodrome was also known as Gonnehem.  Somehow the name Chocques just stuck.  

Site of Chocques Aerodrome and surroundings
Site of Chocques Aerodrome and surroundings (Google). Click to go to Google maps to see context.

Château de Werppe

The former HQ and Officers’ accommodation was at the Château de Werppe, just across the road from the airfield.  Today, the ruined building stands rather forlornly in some scrub land.  Apparently there was at some point a project to renovate it as a number of apartments, but evidently that had not got anywhere by summer 2018.

Chateau de Werpp
The ruined Château de Werppe, the former HQ and Officers’ accommodation, in June 2018. Click for larger image.

I’m grateful to Great War Forum user ICM – RAF Retd for the above information on the location of Chocques Aerodrome and Château de Werppe.

Next up…

The next entry in Greg’s log book is for Sunday 13 October 1918.

Wednesday 27 March 1918 – 42 Squadron in Aerial Combat

42 Squadron Air Combat Report

Meanwhile in France…

42 Squadron RFC, Greg’s future squadron, saw multiple enemy aircraft engagements on this day.  Aerial combat was by no means the primary role of RE8s, but they defended themselves as well as they could when they had to – successfully on each of the occasions described below.

The squadron had moved to Chocques only the previous Friday, 22 March 1918, but today was back in action in the Somme sector as part of the defence against Operation Michael of the Kaiserschlacht.

Three separate combat reports were filed by the crew of 42 Squadron aircraft that were on reconnaissance or bombing missions.  The pilot of the third aircraft was the Squadron Commander, Major R. G. Gould, M.C.


RE8 3866

42 Sqn Combat Report
42 Sqn Combat Report; Click or tap for larger image

Time: 12 Noon; Locality: between VILLERS & BRAY SUR SOMME

Pilot: Lt A. D. McDonald; Observer: Lt J. Chatterton

Five E.A. Albatros scouts.

Crossed front S. of Albert and West of VILLERS. Just E. of Villers saw body of men and horses apparently in Coy formation.  Bombs dropped at these and while observer concentrating on these with Lewis gun, pilot sighted one Albatros some distance below, apparently manoeuvring for tail position.  Turned and steered westward, and immediately encountered four more E.A.. Two above and on left, and two about level and nearly behind. Enemy secured about 20 hits on our machine. Observer fired on one attacking machine behind us, and after 10 rounds gun jambed. Owing to mist and very thick haze, we were able to get away .


RE8 3598

42 Sqn Combat Report
42 Sqn Combat Report; Click or tap for larger image

Time: 5 p.m.; Locality: between BAPAUME & ALBERT

Pilot: 2/Lt A. R. Holthouse; Observer: Capt. M. F. Bridge

Albatros Scouts (7) seven.

After bombing and shooting on ground targets from 3000 ft to 7800 feet, in vicinity of BAPAUME, 7 Albatros scouts attacked us.
Fought down to 3000 feet, when relief arrived by our own scouts, believed to be S.E.5’s.
About 10 shots only obtained out of Vickers gun, when it jambed. Four shots went through propeller. Old Vickers gear on gun – unsatisfactory.
Lewis gun also jambed, and both guns were out of action.
Controls and machine shot about. Large holes in tail, sight, & tank from A.A.
Observer wounded in leg.
Machine landed at No.2 A.F.C. Aerodrome.


RE8 5886

42 Sqn Combat Report
42 Sqn Combat Report; Click or tap for larger image

Time: 6.30 p.m.; Locality: MORLANCOURT

Pilot: Major R. G. Gould, M.C. ; Observer: 2/Lt. D. G. Smith

Albatross Scout

One drum fired at E.A. after which he turned away, and did not worry us again.
The remainder of the enemy formation was engaged by other British Machines.


 

Friday 22 March 1918 – 42 Squadron RFC Moves to Chocques

42 Squadron's move north from Fienvillers to Chocques

Meanwhile, in France…

42 Squadron RFC, Greg’s future squadron, moves the 32 miles (52 km) north northeast from Fienvillers, Somme to Chocques, Pas-de-Calais.  Chocques is west of Béthune and SSW of Merville, in the Lys sector.

42 Squadron's move north from Fienvillers to Chocques
42 Squadron’s move northeast from Fienvillers to Chocques shown on a modern map (courtesy Google).  Click for a larger, zoomable map (opens in new tab)
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