Monday 2 September 1918 – Bumpy & Windy CBP

The generally unfavourable weather continues, with a bumpy and windy counter-battery patrol with Lt Scarterfield as Observer.  On the ground, the British front line is at Estaires.

Log Book

Log Book - bumpy & windy CBP

Date: 2.9.18 
Time Out: 12.15 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 151 hrs 20 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Scarterfield 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 45 mins 
Height: 3000
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  Very bumpy & windy

Bumpy & Windy

The poor weather conditions did not stop flying so much as they did in the earlier years of the war.  But they did make it both more difficult and less useful.  As an American climatologist noted in a contemporary article:

In aviation, it is increasingly evident that weather conditions which earlier in the war were regarded as prohibitive for flying, are now interfering less and less, at least so far as bombing is concerned. High winds, low clouds and fog, and heavy rain, decidedly lessen aerial activity, and spells of fine weather always greatly increase it, yet month by month, as the reports come in, it is evident that in the intensity of this modern warfare, flying must be done in practically all weather. Nevertheless, aerial reconnaissance and photography, and direction of artillery firing from airplanes, can not be effectively carried out unless there is a reasonably clear view of the ground. The advantage which the prevailing westerly winds give to the enemy aviators on the Western Front is readily recognized.  [Robert DeC. Ward, “Weather Controls over the Fighting during the Summer of 1918” The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Oct., 1918), pp. 289-298]

Professor Robert DeCourcy Ward was at Harvard University and was the first professor of climatology in the United States.

The British Front Line

On the ground, British troops of General Birdwood‘s Fifth Army continued to make progress eastwards. By this morning, they were knocking on the doors of Estaires, as the map shows:

Map of the British Front on the morning of 2 September 1918
The British Front on the morning of 2 September 1918. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map dated December 1917 with information from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Saturday 31 August 1918 – CBP, Dud, Cloudy

After two days of fine weather, the clouds clamped down again today.  Still, Greg and Lt Scarterfield managed a two hour counter-battery patrol, during which they loosed off 700 rounds of small arms fire between them – despite it being a dud and cloudy day.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 31.8.18 
Time: 7.55 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 148 hrs 35 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Scarterfield 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 0 mins 
Height: 2000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  Dud.  Cloudy.

No Post Tomorrow…

…next post Monday 2 September 1918.

Thursday 29 August 1918 – 30 Fires Seen

With the weather improved enough for a 2½ hour counter-battery patrol, Greg saw 30 fires – more than he had ever previously reported.  He sent one report of a German battery now firing. Today was Greg’s last flight with Lt Sam Hodgson as observer.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book - Sam Hodgson's last flight with Greg

Date: 29.8.18 
Time: 11.50 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 145 hrs 25 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 30 mins 
Height: 7000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  30 fires.  1 N.F. [now firing]

Lt Sam Hodgson

This was Lt Sam Hodgson’s 33rd and last flight as Greg’s observer.  Perhaps he was posted elsewhere, or began flying training as a pilot in his own right, or possibly he was wounded (or worse) on a flight with someone else.  Hodgson was a couple of years older than Greg, having been born on 15 December 1896.

Sam Hodgson’s page on the IWM’s Lives of the First World War website is here.

30 Fires

The 30 fires that Greg reported could have been an indication of increasing pressure from British artillery on enemy-held territory…or maybe it was a sign of an enemy in retreat, laying waste as he goes.  As the days ticked past, the British line was advancing eastwards along the Lys towards Estaires. 

Taking Off

An RE8 of B Flight, 42 Squadron RAF takes to the air.  Getting the horizon level has always been tricky in an action shot!

An RE8 of B Flight, 42 Squadron RAF takes to the air.
An RE8 of B Flight, 42 Squadron RAF takes to the air. Click for larger image. Photo credit: Greg’s War Collection

Monday 26 August 1918 – Dud CPB but the Line Moves East

A cloudy and windy day made for a dud counter-battery patrol.  But on the ground the British line had made further progress eastwards, and was now less than two miles (3.2 km) from Estaires.  Merville was starting to recover from the occupation and shelling, which had damaged Merville Church beyond repair.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 26.8.18 
Time: 11.5 
Rounds Lewis: 300 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 142 hrs 40 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
War Flying Time: 55 mins 
Height: 1800 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P. Dud. Cloudy & windy.

The British Front Nears Estaires

Map of the British Front on the morning of 26 August 1918
The British Front on the morning of 26 August 1918. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map dated December 1917 with information from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

As the British front approached Estaires, several of Greg’s landmarks were now out of the enemy’s hands and back under allied control.  These included:

  • The village of Neuf Berquin, which has been mentioned in several posts;
  • The site of the hostile battery at KD90, on the outskirts of Merville, which was the target of Greg’s first shoot, with 145 Siege Battery, on 1 July 1918:

Monday 1 July 1918 – Greg’s First Shoot

  • And the site of the hostile battery and dump at Crinquette Lotte, east of Merville, which was the target of the shoot which Greg had been proud of on 8 August 1918, just over two weeks previously:

Thursday 8 August 1918 – Good Shoot with 213 SB; Start of Last ‘100 Days’

Merville Church

Meanwhile, if the (enemy) shells had stopped falling on Merville, it was about now that the official photographer took photographs of what remained of the town.  One picture he took was of Merville Church:

Merville Church
Merville Church by the official photographer after Merville had been liberated by the British in August 1918; Click for larger image. Credit: NLS.

The remains of the church were demolished after the war, and the Hôtel de Ville was built on the site. 

Merville Hôtel de Ville
Merville Hôtel de Ville, built on the site of the original church, seen in 2018. Click for larger image.

A new church now stands across the main north-south road running through the town, the rue Thiers/D946).  It is to the north and west of the original site, as this Google maps view shows:


 

Friday 23 August 1918 – CBP, Merville Shelled by Enemy

A midday counter-battery patrol in cloudy conditions revealed Merville being shelled.  Nothing unusual there, you might think.  But now the town was in British hands and was being shelled by German artillery.  Another sign of the turning tide. 

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 23.8.18 
Time: 11.20 
Rounds Lewis: 200 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 139 hrs 30 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 30 mins 
Height: 5000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  Fairly dud.  Cloudy.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book entry. Merville shelled.
Squadron Record Book entry. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: RE8 27
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Hodgson
Duty: Artillery Patrol
Start: 11.20
Return: 13.50
Results and Remarks:
11.55.    UL UR UD. [Weather unfit for counter-battery work, artillery registration or photography]
12.00.    MERVILLE being shelled by enemy artillery.  Called up C.W.S. [central wireless station] with TP, L30 [Estaires].  L30 kept under observation, but no flashes seen.  Visibility poor.
12.55.    C.W.S sent GC [3,000 yd square east of Estaires].  No flashes seen.
          Two barges in CANAL at L 35 b 2.9 & L 27 d 8.5.
13.45.    Large fire in BUILDINGS at R 27 c 1.7
AA nil.  EKB nil. Vis: poor to fair. Height 1/4000’.  Obs by P&O
300 V.G. [200 rounds from Vickers gun] & 200 L.G. [200 rounds from Lewis gun] into BUILDINGS L 34 [la Gorgue] from 1800’.

Merville Shelled

The various locations in the Squadron Record Book entry are marked on the following map. They show that enemy activity observed by 42 Squadron was now decisively moving eastwards.  But the shells still fell on Merville.

Merville, Estaires and Laventie. Adapted from a composite of 1:40,000 scale maps. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Wednesday 21 August 1918 – CBP but Nothing Doing

A counter-battery patrol day, but nothing doing.  Possibly the enemy were more preoccupied with removing artillery from the advancing British forces than with firing themselves.  That would change within a couple of days.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 21.8.18 
Time: 12.00 
Rounds Lewis: - 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 134 hrs 55 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
Time:  2 hrs 20 mins 
Height: 5000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P. Nothing much doing.

Diary

Diary

Wednesday Aug 21st.  CBP 11.30 – 2.15.  Nothing doing.

The Last Diary Entry

This was Greg’s last diary entry.  But why?  On the About Greg’s War page, I wrote

I’m not sure why he didn’t keep up the diary beyond August 1918.  It may have been that life had got more stressful after the start of what we now know as the Allies’ Final Offensive or ‘Hundred Days’ on 8 August.  Or it may simply be that what was initially unfamiliar had become routine.  Perhaps writing a daily account that was more detailed than what was required for the log book just became too much of a chore.

Having now posted all entries of the diary and all log book entries to date, I’m still not totally sure of the reason.  But I think it was more likely to be ennui than being too busy.  There didn’t seem to be a noticeable increase in workload with the start of the final offensive.  Dud days because of bad weather were fairly common before and after 8 August 1918.  And the number of sorties actually flown didn’t seem to change much.  As we have seen, though, the diary entries became more and more terse.  In the end they more or less reproduced the ‘Course/Remarks’ section of the corresponding log book entry.

What was evidently more laborious than writing either log book or diary entry was putting together the report for the Squadron Record Book, which included careful notes of events, timings and map references for counter-battery patrols and shoots.  (Not all of the Squadron Record Book entries are still available: the last to be recorded in this blog was on 4 August 1918, and the next will be on 23 August 1918.)  So it is possible that the combined requirements of writing the log book and Squadron Record Book entries squeezed out the diary entries. Perhaps by then they had become one chore too many.

The Western Front Moves East

By the morning of 21 August 1918, the map accompanying General Haig’s despatches of the final British offensive showed the British front line to be just to the east of Merville, but not as far as Neuf Berquin:  

Map of the British Front on the morning of 21 August 1918.
The British Front on the morning of 21 August 1918. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map dated December 1917 with information from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

The German artillery may well have been digging in their new positions to the east of this line, which could explain why Greg saw so little of note in his patrol.

Updates to Earlier Posts

An update to the post for 8 August 1918 records the position of the front that morning:

Thursday 8 August 1918 – Good Shoot with 213 SB; Start of Last ‘100 Days’

And an update to the post for 19 August 1918 notes the liberation of Merville, which took place that day:

Monday 19 August 1918 – No Shoot To Do, Merville Liberated

Friday 16 August 1918 – Dud CBP, One Hun Seen

Fresh from his unscheduled awayday at Paris-Plage yesterday, Greg is down for a morning counter-battery patrol.  But heavy mist precludes a successful outing.  He sees one Hun.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 16.8.18 
Time: 9.30 
Rounds Lewis: 100 
Rounds Vickers: 150 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 130 hrs 35 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
Time:  2 hrs 10 mins 
Height: 5000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P. Dud.  Mist.  One hun.

Diary

Diary

Friday Aug 16th.  C.B.P. Heavy mist.  Dud – one hun seen.

Heavy Mist

The poor weather doesn’t stop them firing off 250 rounds, between the Lewis and Vickers guns, and dropping four bombs.  But we don’t know to what effect.

Wednesday 14 August 1918 – Bomb Raid and Dusk Reconnaissance

For only the third time, Greg was assigned to take part in a bomb raid.  The previous occasions were 11 August 1918 and 4 July 1918.  To round off the day he went on dusk reconnaissance and found two batteries firing.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 14.8.18 
Time: 10.25 
Rounds Lewis: 350 
Rounds Vickers: 150 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 126 hrs 45 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Hodgson 
Time:  30 mins 
Height: 3000 
Course/Remarks: Bombs & ammunition.
Date: 14.8.18 
Time: 19.15 
Rounds Lewis: 150 
Rounds Vickers: 200 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 128 hrs 25 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Hodgson 
Time:  1 hr 40 mins 
Height: 4000 
Course/Remarks: Dusk reconnaissance.  2 NFs. [Twice, the signal for 'guns now firing' was sent.]

Diary

Diary

Wednesday Aug 14th.  Two jobs.  Bomb raid in morning & dusk reconnaissance.  2 N.F.s sent.

Monday 12 August 1918 – CBP and Shoot

The two principal activities of Greg’s time with 42 Squadron came together today, with a counter battery patrol in the morning and a shoot on a target near Neuf Berquin in the afternoon.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 12.8.18 
Time: 9.15 
Rounds Lewis: 300 
Rounds Vickers: 200 
Bombs: 2 
Time on RE8s: 123 hrs 00 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt. Hodgson 
Time:  2 hrs 30 mins 
Height: 4000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P. Very misty.  U.L. U.R. U.D. [Weather report: unfit for counter-battery work, artillery registration or photography]
Date: 12.8.18 
Time: 18.20 
Rounds Lewis: - 
Rounds Vickers: - 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 124 hrs 25 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt. Hodgson 
Time:  1 hr 25 mins 
Height: 6000 
Course/Remarks: Shoot with 213 SB South. L21.  Unsuccessful.

Diary

Diary

Monday Aug 12th.  Two jobs.  CBP in morning & shoot in evening.

Shoot on L21, near Neuf Berquin

L21 was a map square ENE of Merville, near Neuf Berquin, on the road to Estaires:

Map square L21, near Neuf Berquin,
Map square L21, near Neuf Berquin, form a 1:40,000 map dated December 1917. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

More on counter-battery patrols here:

Counter Battery Patrols and Zone Calls

And more on shoots here:

Observation of Artillery Fire – A Shoot

Saturday 10 August 1918 – Hun Balloon Down

On a cloudy and otherwise uneventful counter battery patrol, Greg sees a German balloon go down.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 10.8.18 
Time: 9.10 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 116 hrs 40 mins 
RE8: 2526 
Observer: Hodgson 
Time: 2 hrs 45 mins 
Height: 3000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P. Very cloudy.  Hun balloon down.

Diary

Diary

Saturday Aug 10th.  CBP at 9.10 am.  Cloudy.  Nothing much happening.  Hun balloon down in flames, apparently by one of our scouts.

Hun Balloon Down

The German balloon that was brought down was probably a kite balloon, used for observation.  ‘Scout’ aircraft were fighters.

More on kite balloons here:

Wednesday 15 May 1918 – Kite Balloon at Bray-sur-Somme

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