Monday 2 September 1918 – Bumpy & Windy CBP

The generally unfavourable weather continues, with a bumpy and windy counter-battery patrol with Lt Scarterfield as Observer.  On the ground, the British front line is at Estaires.

Log Book

Log Book - bumpy & windy CBP

Date: 2.9.18 
Time Out: 12.15 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 151 hrs 20 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Scarterfield 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 45 mins 
Height: 3000
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  Very bumpy & windy

Bumpy & Windy

The poor weather conditions did not stop flying so much as they did in the earlier years of the war.  But they did make it both more difficult and less useful.  As an American climatologist noted in a contemporary article:

In aviation, it is increasingly evident that weather conditions which earlier in the war were regarded as prohibitive for flying, are now interfering less and less, at least so far as bombing is concerned. High winds, low clouds and fog, and heavy rain, decidedly lessen aerial activity, and spells of fine weather always greatly increase it, yet month by month, as the reports come in, it is evident that in the intensity of this modern warfare, flying must be done in practically all weather. Nevertheless, aerial reconnaissance and photography, and direction of artillery firing from airplanes, can not be effectively carried out unless there is a reasonably clear view of the ground. The advantage which the prevailing westerly winds give to the enemy aviators on the Western Front is readily recognized.  [Robert DeC. Ward, “Weather Controls over the Fighting during the Summer of 1918” The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Oct., 1918), pp. 289-298]

Professor Robert DeCourcy Ward was at Harvard University and was the first professor of climatology in the United States.

The British Front Line

On the ground, British troops of General Birdwood‘s Fifth Army continued to make progress eastwards. By this morning, they were knocking on the doors of Estaires, as the map shows:

Map of the British Front on the morning of 2 September 1918
The British Front on the morning of 2 September 1918. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map dated December 1917 with information from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Saturday 31 August 1918 – CBP, Dud, Cloudy

After two days of fine weather, the clouds clamped down again today.  Still, Greg and Lt Scarterfield managed a two hour counter-battery patrol, during which they loosed off 700 rounds of small arms fire between them – despite it being a dud and cloudy day.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 31.8.18 
Time: 7.55 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 148 hrs 35 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Scarterfield 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 0 mins 
Height: 2000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  Dud.  Cloudy.

No Post Tomorrow…

…next post Monday 2 September 1918.

Friday 30 August 1918 – Dusk Patrol, Lt Ralph Scarterfield

Two days in a row when the weather was co-operative was something of a rarity on the Lys Sector in August 1918.  But after yesterday’s counter-battery patrol, the weather today also allowed Greg to go up for a dusk patrol with Lt Ralph Scarterfield.

Log Book

Log Book

Date: 30.8.18 
Time: 19.00 
Rounds Lewis: 300 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 146 hrs 35 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Scarterfield 
War Flying Time: 1 hr 10 mins 
Height: 2500 
Course/Remarks: Dusk patrol. 2 N.F. [two positions observed to be now firing]

Lt Ralph Scarterfield RAF

This was Greg’s first outing with Lt Scarterfield an Observer with whom Greg flew on and off from today until the end of his time in France.  Lt Scarterfield was over a decade older than Greg, having been born on 1 September 1888.  So this flight took place two days before his 30th birthday. His page on the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Lives of the First World War’ site is here.

It’s likely that Ralph Scarterfield is in one of the group photographs of the B Flight officers in the post for 25 August 1918 (see link below).  There are a few candidates with observers’ wings on their uniform and who look about 30 in the photos.  But without any further means of triangulation, it isn’t possible to identify who he might be.

Sunday 25 August 1918 – Did Not Fly – 42 Sqn B Flight Photos

Thursday 29 August 1918 – 30 Fires Seen

With the weather improved enough for a 2½ hour counter-battery patrol, Greg saw 30 fires – more than he had ever previously reported.  He sent one report of a German battery now firing. Today was Greg’s last flight with Lt Sam Hodgson as observer.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book - Sam Hodgson's last flight with Greg

Date: 29.8.18 
Time: 11.50 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 145 hrs 25 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 30 mins 
Height: 7000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  30 fires.  1 N.F. [now firing]

Lt Sam Hodgson

This was Lt Sam Hodgson’s 33rd and last flight as Greg’s observer.  Perhaps he was posted elsewhere, or began flying training as a pilot in his own right, or possibly he was wounded (or worse) on a flight with someone else.  Hodgson was a couple of years older than Greg, having been born on 15 December 1896.

Sam Hodgson’s page on the IWM’s Lives of the First World War website is here.

30 Fires

The 30 fires that Greg reported could have been an indication of increasing pressure from British artillery on enemy-held territory…or maybe it was a sign of an enemy in retreat, laying waste as he goes.  As the days ticked past, the British line was advancing eastwards along the Lys towards Estaires. 

Taking Off

An RE8 of B Flight, 42 Squadron RAF takes to the air.  Getting the horizon level has always been tricky in an action shot!

An RE8 of B Flight, 42 Squadron RAF takes to the air.
An RE8 of B Flight, 42 Squadron RAF takes to the air. Click for larger image. Photo credit: Greg’s War Collection

Wednesday 28 August 1918 – Weather Test (Dud)

On what looked like a hopeless day for flying, Greg and his observer Lt Hodgson went up for a weather test to see what it was like.  And it was indeed hopeless.  Or dud, as Greg said.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 28.8.18 
Time: 14.30 
Rounds Lewis: - 
Rounds Vickers: - 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 142 hrs 55 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
War Flying Time: 15 mins 
Height: 1000 
Course/Remarks: Weather test. Dud.  Clouds 900 ft.

Weather Test

There really was no substitute for going up in an aeroplane to see if conditions were fit for flying. And from the 15 minute duration of the weather test, it can be seen that it didn’t take long to assess the situation.  The resulting radio signal would have been:

UL UR UD C09

i.e. unfit for either counter-battery work, artillery registration or photography; clouds at 900 ft.  In other words, a dud day.

The weather in north west Europe in the summer of 1918 was clearly a lot worse than 100 years later.

More on ‘dud’ here:

Monday 10 June 1918 – Pretty Dud Day

 

Monday 26 August 1918 – Dud CPB but the Line Moves East

A cloudy and windy day made for a dud counter-battery patrol.  But on the ground the British line had made further progress eastwards, and was now less than two miles (3.2 km) from Estaires.  Merville was starting to recover from the occupation and shelling, which had damaged Merville Church beyond repair.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 26.8.18 
Time: 11.5 
Rounds Lewis: 300 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 142 hrs 40 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
War Flying Time: 55 mins 
Height: 1800 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P. Dud. Cloudy & windy.

The British Front Nears Estaires

Map of the British Front on the morning of 26 August 1918
The British Front on the morning of 26 August 1918. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map dated December 1917 with information from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

As the British front approached Estaires, several of Greg’s landmarks were now out of the enemy’s hands and back under allied control.  These included:

  • The village of Neuf Berquin, which has been mentioned in several posts;
  • The site of the hostile battery at KD90, on the outskirts of Merville, which was the target of Greg’s first shoot, with 145 Siege Battery, on 1 July 1918:

Monday 1 July 1918 – Greg’s First Shoot

  • And the site of the hostile battery and dump at Crinquette Lotte, east of Merville, which was the target of the shoot which Greg had been proud of on 8 August 1918, just over two weeks previously:

Thursday 8 August 1918 – Good Shoot with 213 SB; Start of Last ‘100 Days’

Merville Church

Meanwhile, if the (enemy) shells had stopped falling on Merville, it was about now that the official photographer took photographs of what remained of the town.  One picture he took was of Merville Church:

Merville Church
Merville Church by the official photographer after Merville had been liberated by the British in August 1918; Click for larger image. Credit: NLS.

The remains of the church were demolished after the war, and the Hôtel de Ville was built on the site. 

Merville Hôtel de Ville
Merville Hôtel de Ville, built on the site of the original church, seen in 2018. Click for larger image.

A new church now stands across the main north-south road running through the town, the rue Thiers/D946).  It is to the north and west of the original site, as this Google maps view shows:


 

Saturday 24 August 1918 – Shoot near Estaires

As the eastwards momentum continues to build, Greg has a successful shoot with 99 Siege Battery on a hostile battery in square L28, just to the west of Estaires and some 3 miles (5 km) east of Merville.  The battery is located near an elaborate defensive system of trenches and wire.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 24.8.18 
Time: 15.35 
Rounds Lewis: 400 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 141 hrs 45 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Pring 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 15 mins 
Height: 4000 
Course/Remarks: Shoot with 99 SB on L28. Successful.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book
Squadron Record Book. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: R.E.8.27
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Pring
Duty: Art. Obs. on H.B.  Destructive.
Hour of Start: 15.35
Hour of Return: 17.50
Remarks: S. with 99-S.B. (2-6” How) on H.B. at L 28 b 68.96. (P).
Called at 15.55. K 15.58. G 16.03.
34 ranging rounds:- 1 OK, 3Y, 1Z, 8A, 8B, 5C, 7W.  Salvos MC7 & MB7.
V 16.46.  G to V 43 mins.
Ranging pit hit during ranging.  House at L 28 b 9.9 hit and partially demolished during ranging.
CI sent 17.35.  Total rds fired 200.
15.50  2 EKB [Enemy Kite Balloons] E. and N.E. of ESTAIRES.
16.30  2  "  near LAVENTIE.
16.15  Fire at L 23 d 6.9 (HOUSE)
16.35  KK [signal for seeing flash of artillery fire] on flash seen in G 28.
Vis: good.  Height 3500’.  Obs by P & O.
400 L.G. [400 rounds from Lewis Gun] and 300 V.G. [Vickers Gun] into ESTAIRES & along ROADS from 2000’.
4-25lb bombs on L 33 d 7.7.  Bursts obs.

Shoot with 99 Siege Battery near Estaires

Here are the locations mentioned in the report:

Merville, Estaires and Laventie
Merville, Estaires and Laventie. Adapted from a composite of 1:40,000 scale maps. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

For more detail of what went on in a shoot, how to read a squadron record book entry of a shoot, and what the codes mean, see:

Observation of Artillery Fire – A Shoot

Trenches and Wire

Square L28, west of Estaires, contained not only the hostile battery at which Greg’s shoot was directed, but also several presumably important positions that were well defended by trenches and wire, as this extract from 1:10,000 scale trench map shows:

Map of Estaires and square L28,
Estaires and square L28, from a 1:10,000 scale trench map dated 16 August 1918. Trenches are shown as castellations, and wire by Xs. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

Trenches showed up starkly in vertical aerial photographs in oblique sunlight, as the following two (unlocated) examples show:

Vertical aerial view of unlocated trenches.
First vertical aerial view of unlocated trenches. Click for larger view. Photo credit: Greg’s War Collection.
Vertical aerial view of unlocated trenches.
Second vertical aerial view of unlocated trenches. Click for larger view. Photo credit: Greg’s War Collection.

Friday 23 August 1918 – CBP, Merville Shelled by Enemy

A midday counter-battery patrol in cloudy conditions revealed Merville being shelled.  Nothing unusual there, you might think.  But now the town was in British hands and was being shelled by German artillery.  Another sign of the turning tide. 

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 23.8.18 
Time: 11.20 
Rounds Lewis: 200 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 139 hrs 30 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 30 mins 
Height: 5000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P.  Fairly dud.  Cloudy.

Squadron Record Book

Squadron Record Book entry. Merville shelled.
Squadron Record Book entry. Click for larger image.
Type and Number: RE8 27
Pilot and Observer: P. Lt Gregory. O. Lt Hodgson
Duty: Artillery Patrol
Start: 11.20
Return: 13.50
Results and Remarks:
11.55.    UL UR UD. [Weather unfit for counter-battery work, artillery registration or photography]
12.00.    MERVILLE being shelled by enemy artillery.  Called up C.W.S. [central wireless station] with TP, L30 [Estaires].  L30 kept under observation, but no flashes seen.  Visibility poor.
12.55.    C.W.S sent GC [3,000 yd square east of Estaires].  No flashes seen.
          Two barges in CANAL at L 35 b 2.9 & L 27 d 8.5.
13.45.    Large fire in BUILDINGS at R 27 c 1.7
AA nil.  EKB nil. Vis: poor to fair. Height 1/4000’.  Obs by P&O
300 V.G. [200 rounds from Vickers gun] & 200 L.G. [200 rounds from Lewis gun] into BUILDINGS L 34 [la Gorgue] from 1800’.

Merville Shelled

The various locations in the Squadron Record Book entry are marked on the following map. They show that enemy activity observed by 42 Squadron was now decisively moving eastwards.  But the shells still fell on Merville.

Merville, Estaires and Laventie. Adapted from a composite of 1:40,000 scale maps. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

Thursday 22 August 1918 – Shoot on R3, near Lestrem

Today Greg spent the day on a shoot.  He was directing the fire of 99 Siege Battery onto a target in square R3, near Lestrem. His mind probably occasionally wandered to his sister Alice Gregory, whose birthday it was today

Log Book

Log Book

Date: 22.8.18 
Time: 17.20 
Rounds Lewis: - 
Rounds Vickers: - 
Bombs: - 
Time on RE8s: 137 hrs 00 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
War Flying Time: 2 hrs 05 mins 
Height: 5000 
Course/Remarks: Shoot with 99 SB.  Successful.  R3.

Shoot with 99 Siege Battery on R3, near Lestrem

This was the first shoot that Greg did with 99 Siege Battery RGA.  He does not record their equipment, but it was probably howitzers with a bore of at least 6″.  [Update at 15:00:  An entry in the Squadron Record Book for 24 August 1918 says that 99 SB was equipped with two 6″ howitzers.]

The target is not noted in any more detail than the 1,000 yard map square.  But square R3 encompassed what looked like a small field marshalling yard where a field railway met the Lys valley main line from Armentières to Merville.  The yard is hatched on the map to denote it as an ‘area of interest’ and could well have been the target.

Square R3, near Lestrem, from a Log Map dated 20 July 1918
Square R3, near Lestrem, from a Log Map dated 20 July 1918. German positions and workings in red. Areas of interest are hatched in blue. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital

Alice’s 27th Birthday

Back home, Alice Gregory – Greg’s sister – celebrated her 27th birthday today.

Alice Gregory, Greg’s sister, picking apples, probably in the orchard at the family home in Holyhead, North Wales. Click for larger image.  Photo: Greg’s War Collection

 

 

Wednesday 21 August 1918 – CBP but Nothing Doing

A counter-battery patrol day, but nothing doing.  Possibly the enemy were more preoccupied with removing artillery from the advancing British forces than with firing themselves.  That would change within a couple of days.

Log Book

Log BookLog Book

Date: 21.8.18 
Time: 12.00 
Rounds Lewis: - 
Rounds Vickers: 300 
Bombs: 4 
Time on RE8s: 134 hrs 55 mins 
RE8: E27 
Observer: Lt Hodgson 
Time:  2 hrs 20 mins 
Height: 5000 
Course/Remarks: C.B.P. Nothing much doing.

Diary

Diary

Wednesday Aug 21st.  CBP 11.30 – 2.15.  Nothing doing.

The Last Diary Entry

This was Greg’s last diary entry.  But why?  On the About Greg’s War page, I wrote

I’m not sure why he didn’t keep up the diary beyond August 1918.  It may have been that life had got more stressful after the start of what we now know as the Allies’ Final Offensive or ‘Hundred Days’ on 8 August.  Or it may simply be that what was initially unfamiliar had become routine.  Perhaps writing a daily account that was more detailed than what was required for the log book just became too much of a chore.

Having now posted all entries of the diary and all log book entries to date, I’m still not totally sure of the reason.  But I think it was more likely to be ennui than being too busy.  There didn’t seem to be a noticeable increase in workload with the start of the final offensive.  Dud days because of bad weather were fairly common before and after 8 August 1918.  And the number of sorties actually flown didn’t seem to change much.  As we have seen, though, the diary entries became more and more terse.  In the end they more or less reproduced the ‘Course/Remarks’ section of the corresponding log book entry.

What was evidently more laborious than writing either log book or diary entry was putting together the report for the Squadron Record Book, which included careful notes of events, timings and map references for counter-battery patrols and shoots.  (Not all of the Squadron Record Book entries are still available: the last to be recorded in this blog was on 4 August 1918, and the next will be on 23 August 1918.)  So it is possible that the combined requirements of writing the log book and Squadron Record Book entries squeezed out the diary entries. Perhaps by then they had become one chore too many.

The Western Front Moves East

By the morning of 21 August 1918, the map accompanying General Haig’s despatches of the final British offensive showed the British front line to be just to the east of Merville, but not as far as Neuf Berquin:  

Map of the British Front on the morning of 21 August 1918.
The British Front on the morning of 21 August 1918. Adapted from a 1:40,000 scale map dated December 1917 with information from a map accompanying General Haig’s despatches on the final British offensive. Each numbered square is 1,000 yards. Click for larger image. Map credit: IWM/TNA/GreatWarDigital.

The German artillery may well have been digging in their new positions to the east of this line, which could explain why Greg saw so little of note in his patrol.

Updates to Earlier Posts

An update to the post for 8 August 1918 records the position of the front that morning:

Thursday 8 August 1918 – Good Shoot with 213 SB; Start of Last ‘100 Days’

And an update to the post for 19 August 1918 notes the liberation of Merville, which took place that day:

Monday 19 August 1918 – No Shoot To Do, Merville Liberated

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